1.表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．． 6）We have good reason to believe that．．． 2．表示好处 1）It has the following advantages． 2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us． 5）It is of great benefit to us． 3．表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmful to us． 4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life． 5．表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with． 6．表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years． 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education． 7．表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．． 2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．． 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in． 5）However，that’s not the case． 8．表示比较 1）Compared with A，B．．． 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV． 3）There is a striking contrast between them 9．表示数量 1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．． 2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000． 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January． 10．表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth． 2）People have different opinions on this problem． 3）People take different views of（on）the question． 4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．． 11．表示结论 1）In short，it can be said that．．． 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows． 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that．．． 12．套语 1）It’s well known to us that．．． 2）As is known to us，．．． 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about． 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that．．． 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．