国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 产值 output value 鼓励 give incentive to 投入 input 宏观控制 exercise macro-control 优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 输入活力 bring vigor into 改善经济环境 improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order 有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 非公有成分 non-public sectors 主要成分 dominant sector 实在的 tangible 全体会议 plenary session 解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 举措 move 实事求是 seek truth from facts 引进、输入 importation 和平演变 peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go (at sth.) 精华、精粹、实质 quintessence 家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业 invigorate enterprises 商品经济 commodity economy 基石 cornerstone 零售 retail 发电量 electric energy production 有色金属 nonferrous metals 人均收入 per capita income 使负担 be saddled with 营业发达的公司 going concerns 被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business 善于接受的 receptive 增额、增值、增长 increment 发展过快 excessive growth 抽样调查 data from the sample survey 扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded) 实际增长率 actual growth rate 国际收支 international balance of payments 流通制度 circulation system 总工资 total wages 分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds 管理不善 poor management 一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points 以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义 毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放 the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening. 改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展“”。 Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system." 我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力， 是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards. 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity. 要人们警惕右和“左“”的影响，特别是“左“”的根深蒂固的影响。 to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence. 中国要警惕右，但更要防“左“”。 China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left"deviation. 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。 Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy. 随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。 As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged. 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 各尽所能，按劳/需分配。 from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 经济结构改革。 reform in economic structure 剩余劳动力。 surplus labor 经营机制 operative mechanism 发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization. 逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。 to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and techn ology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy. 社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。 The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. 国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。 The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。 The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy. 农业 farming 林业 forestry 畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing 第一产业 primary industry 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry 生产资料 means of production 生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership 全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 合资企业 joint venture 合作企业 cooperative enterprise 独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise